- Hajj
- The fifth pillar of Islam: the pilgrimage to Makkah performed in Dhul-Hijjah, obligatory once in a lifetime on every Muslim who is physically and financially able.
- Umrah
- The lesser pilgrimage, which can be performed at any time of year. In the Tamattu’ form it is performed before Hajj, with a release from ihram in between.
- Tamattu’
- The form of Hajj most pilgrims from North America perform: Umrah first, leaving ihram, then re-entering it for Hajj on 8 Dhul-Hijjah.
- Ifrad and Qiran
- The other two forms. Ifrad is Hajj alone without Umrah; Qiran combines both in a single unbroken ihram. Which one applies to you follows from your package and your intention.
- Miqat
- The boundary station at which ihram is entered and the intention declared. No pilgrim may pass it heading for Makkah without having entered ihram.
- Rukn
- A pillar of Hajj — an element without which the Hajj is invalid and cannot be compensated for. The standing at Arafah is the clearest example.
- Wajib
- An obligatory element that, if missed, is compensated by a sacrifice rather than invalidating the Hajj. Knowing which is which changes how you respond to a mistake.
- Tawaf al-Ifadah
- The circling of the Kaaba performed after returning from Muzdalifah, on or after 10 Dhul-Hijjah. It is a pillar of Hajj.
- Tawaf al-Wada
- The farewell circling, performed before leaving Makkah, and obligatory for pilgrims travelling home from outside the Haram boundary.
- Days of Tashreeq
- 11, 12 and 13 Dhul-Hijjah, spent in Mina with the daily stoning of the three Jamarat. Fasting is not permitted on these days.
- Talbiyah
- The call recited from entering ihram until the stoning of the large Jamarah on the day of Eid: Labbayka Allahumma labbayk.
- Murshid
- The qualified guide who walks a group through each rite in sequence. Preparation before departure and a murshid on the ground are complementary, not alternatives.